Free Essays on Symbolism Of A Goodman

Imagery of a Goodman Nathaniel Hawthorne composed â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in 1835. This story tells about a man’s day in his alleged tranquil life. He follows a man on an excursion to a gathering where he sees all the â€Å"nice† townspeople doing this exceptionally malicious thing. Three images play enormous parts however out the story they are Young Goodman Brown, his significant other, Faith and the shading pink. Youthful Goodman Brown is the most utilized image all through the story. Not himself but rather, his name. Youthful shows that he is a youthful a renewed individual in the town and is learning new ways. Goodman tells precisely what it says he is a decent man, he awesome with his life and the man with his significant other, Faith and he needs nothing to do with anything doesn't include her, ’†What a villain am I to leave her on such an errand†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(634) . Also, ultimately Brown which tells that he is a typical man he’s no ruler or anybody well known. Putting the name together Young Goodman Brown is a regular man simply living a day at once. Confidence, his significant other is additionally an image however out the story. Immediately in the story Brown leaves Faith on his way on this excursion. Leaving Faith shows he is leaving confidence in God as she is likewise since she went to go to this gathering of wickedness. Earthy colored going on this excursion as opposed to remaining with Faith the two of them wind up losing the confidence they had in God. ‘â€Å"Faith! Faith!† cried the spouse, â€Å"look up to paradise, and oppose the fiendish one†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (642). Requiring his better half didn't assist him with getting his significant other back from the fallen angel having him lose his confidence in God moreover. Despite the fact that he put his confidence against Faith he wound up losing all. Likewise, in the story the shading pink is utilized as an image. Pink is utilized to tell various circumstances When Brown and Faith were cheerful Faith, â€Å"letting the breeze play with the pink strips of her top while she called to Goodman Brown† (634). At the point when Brown was on his excursion and realized malice was around â€Å"But s... Free Essays on Symbolism Of A Goodman Free Essays on Symbolism Of A Goodman Imagery of a Goodman Nathaniel Hawthorne composed â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in 1835. This story tells about a man’s day in his purported serene life. He follows a man on an excursion to a gathering where he sees all the â€Å"nice† townspeople doing this exceptionally shrewd thing. Three images play exceptionally enormous parts however out the story they are Young Goodman Brown, his better half, Faith and the shading pink. Youthful Goodman Brown is the most utilized image all through the story. Not himself but rather, his name. Youthful shows that he is a youthful a renewed individual in the town and is learning new ways. Goodman tells precisely what it says he is a decent man, he generally excellent with his life and the man with his significant other, Faith and he needs nothing to do with anything doesn't include her, ’†What a reprobate am I to leave her on such an errand†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(634) . What's more, finally Brown which tells that he is a typical man he’s no ruler or anybody renowned. Putting the name together Young Goodman Brown is a regular man simply living a day at once. Confidence, his significant other is likewise an image however out the story. Immediately in the story Brown leaves Faith on his way on this excursion. Leaving Faith shows he is leaving confidence in God as she is likewise since she went to go to this gathering of shrewdness. Earthy colored going on this excursion as opposed to remaining with Faith the two of them wind up losing the confidence they had in God. ‘â€Å"Faith! Faith!† cried the spouse, â€Å"look up to paradise, and oppose the mischievous one†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (642). Requiring his better half didn't assist him with getting his significant other back from the fallen angel having him lose his confidence in God moreover. Despite the fact that he put his confidence against Faith he wound up losing all. Likewise, in the story the shading pink is utilized as an image. Pink is utilized to tell various circumstances When Brown and Faith were upbeat Faith, â€Å"letting the breeze play with the pink strips of her top while she called to Goodman Brown† (634). At the point when Brown was on his excursion and realized malice was around â€Å"But s...

Sally and Mike free essay sample

In the wake of review the case with Sally and Mike it is evident that Sally is experiencing issues relinquishing her child. Taking a gander at the way that Mike has taken care of the passing of their child, he has acknowledged and proceeded onward. First of all Mike must be made to comprehend that everybody handles passing contrastingly and particularly the departure of a youngster. There is one issue that I do have with this case; it hasn’t been expressed how much time has gone since the passing of the youngster, there for attempting to make sense of what stage Sally ought to in her distress is somewhat difficult to pinpoint. As indicated by Kubler-Ross there are five phases of death and they are; forswearing, outrage, bartering, gloom and acknowledgment. It gives the idea that Sally is stuck in the downturn, dealing and the blame stage, which is shielding her from pushing ahead. In Sally’s case, I would begin with the directing, attempting to discover what the passing of her youngster has intended to her. We will compose a custom article test on Sally and Mike or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Telling her that her sentiments are substantial and it is alright for her to feel such agony with her misfortune. I would solicit Sally â€Å"thinks from all they exceptional minutes that she had, grasp her recollections and it is alright to hurt, however with time the agony will simplicity and she will have the option to proceed onward. I would utilize the â€Å"C† strategy from the â€Å"ABC Model†, by attempting to discover various ways for Sally to adapt to her sons’ demise. I would recommend that she join a care group for a parent’s whose kids kicked the bucket from a terminal disease. Getting a gathering together with others that have had a similar encounter could give Sally the help she needs. In Mikes case I would recommend that he go to certain gatherings with Sally to show support, with Sally being so delicate and experiencing issues if she somehow happened to go to these gatherings on her own it could end their marriage on the off chance that they aren’t on the same wavelength (which right now they aren’t), I additionally believe that family treatment would likewise be something worth being thankful for additionally, so Sally and Mike can have somebody to hear them out both, where they can be educated to comminute in a superior manner that will assist in helping them comprehend why they are in two better places concerning the passing of their child.

South Asia Institute Distinguished Lecturer Series COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

South Asia Institute Distinguished Lecturer Series COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA student have access to many events each week and most of that has to do with the 20 different regional and functional institutes associated with policy analysis.   The South Asia Institute is sponsoring the following event today: South Asia? West Asia? The location and identities of Pakistan A talk by S. Akbar Zaidi (Karachi University) While Pakistans geographical location has not shifted in the last 38 years, there has been a marked shift in terms of its identity and associations. In the past, what is now Pakistan was closer to, and more part of, the larger South Asian or Indian subcontinental identity, but it has now corrected its direction (apna qibla durust kar liya hai). In some ways, the Pakistani identities of the Muslim and the South Asian/Indian are competing identities, often mutually exclusive. A secular India with a Muslim minority would not wish for a stronger Muslim South Asian identity while a Muslim Pakistan may not want to belong to an idea or union, in which it would be marginalised and subservient to a power which it sees as its nemesis. With far greater Islamisation and with petro-dollars playing a critical role in Pakistans political economy, in some ways, it would be fair to say that Pakistan has been excavated out of South Asia and replanted into a wider Islamic Middle East. Dr. S Akbar Zaidi is one of Pakistans best known and most prolific political economists. Apart from his interest in political economy, he also has great interest in development, the social sciences, and increasingly, in history. His forthcoming Political Economy and Development in Pakistan will be his twelfth book. His other books include The New Development Paradigm: Papers on Institutions, NGOs, Gender and Local Government (1999), and Issues in Pakistans Economy (2005). He taught at Karachi University for thirteen years, and was a visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University (2004-05). He holds a PhD from the University of Cambridge and lives and works in Karachi.

Johns Hopkins s Health Plan - 1319 Words

Johns Hopkins HealthCare LLC offers a one of kind structure of health management programs for their partners; Johns Hopkins Employer Health Programs (Johns Hopkins HealthCare LLC, 2014) and Johns Hopkins US Family Health Plan, members†¦at no cost. Associates are placed into one of three categories, depending on severity. Depending on the category, associates have a variety of support systems; tools and services, exclusively, for associates to better understand and manage medical conditions (Johns Hopkins HealthCare LLC, 2014; Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2015). Associates also have the option of working one-on-one with a trained nurse or social worker to help improve or manage their condition. The programs and services are intended to educate, empower and inform patients to be more engaged in their health care through improved self-management (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2015). Category one, the complex case management, is designed for members with multifaceted medical conditions/mult iple conditions. These associates include adults and children with diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or congestive heart failure. associates are contacted by a care manager who evaluates their health status, develop a self-management plan, and assist in receiving appropriate care (Johns Hopkins Hospital, 2014; Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2015). In addition, other complex medical conditions include: high-risk pregnancy, cancer, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, end stage renalShow MoreRelatedQuality Management at Johns Hopkins Hospital1490 Words   |  6 PagesQuality Management at Johns Hopkins Hospital Quality Management Introduction Quality management is the process that builds upon conventional quality assurance methodologies by emphasizing organizational structures and their systems. Too much pressure has been inflicted to health care facilities to deliver quality assurance services to their customers. This is due to the complexity and intense competition from other health providers. For this reason, it is vital for an organization to implementRead MoreEvaluation Of The Johns Hopkins Hospital1222 Words   |  5 PagesIdentify the organization The Johns Hopkins Hospital is a biomedical research and teaching hospital. The hospital is located in Baltimore, Maryland. The hospital is part of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. The Johns Hopkins Hospital is commonly observed as one of the world’s greatest hospitals. The U.S. News World Report has ranked The Johns Hopkins Hospital as the top overall hospital in the United States for 21 sequential years. The Johns Hopkins Hospital has a new focus onRead MoreHearing Loss And Cognitive Decline And Dementia829 Words   |  4 Pagesbut there are studies that show a correlation between both events. What scientist found is that people with hearing loss have greater chances of cognitive decline versus those that don?t show any hearing difficulties. Johns Hopkins Study A study published in 2013 by Johns Hopkins University followed nearly 2,000 people with an average age of 77. Researchers found that people who had deafness that interfered with normal conservations were 24 percent more likely to have diminished cognitive functionsRead MoreDeveloping New Designs And Initiatives1629 Words   |  7 Pagesinitiatives to: 1) improve the health of the population: 2) enhance the patients’ experience of care (including quality, access, and reliability); and 3) reduce, or at least control, the per capita cost of care (Edwards, Silow-Carroll Lashbrook, 2011). At the helm of the organization moving, forward to achieving efficiency ranking in high standard of care for the best possible outcome in gaining Magnet Status. Therefore, by establishing a comprehensive strategic plan to improve employee’s moral allocatesRead MoreDeveloping New Designs And Initiatives1297 Words   |  6 Pagesinitiatives to: 1) improve the health of the population: 2) e nhance the patients’ experience of care (including quality, access, and reliability); and 3) reduce, or at least control, the per capita cost of care (Edwards, Silow-Carroll Lashbrook, 2011). At the helm of the organization moving, forward to achieving efficiency ranking in high standard of care for the best possible outcome in gaining Magnet Status. Therefore, by establishing a comprehensive strategic plan to improve employee’s moral allocatesRead MoreThe Assessment Of Beaumont Hospital1061 Words   |  5 Pagescan telephone via a toll free number or fax requests. Patients can also use web-based application to request preauthorization. The coordination of the utilization management program is directed by the Medical Directors and the Vice President of Health Care Services. Registered Nurses (RN) and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) oversee the daily tasks. The RN coordinates work, performs planning, and monitors team functions. For preauthorization, a referral is requested by a Primary Care PhysicianRead MoreCase Analysis : Johnson V. Transportation1191 Words   |  5 Pagesillegal to pay men and women differently for any reason being such as job content. Discussion: An Affirmative Active Plan (Plan) was created in 1978 in order to promote hiring women was adopted by the Santa Clara County transportation agency (Agency). Therefore, the Plan was implemented to broaden positions within traditional segregated job classifications for women. The goal of the Plan was to promote minorities and women in the labor force. Once the Agency announced an open job position as a dispatcherRead MoreNr 451 Capstone Project: Milestone #2: Design for Change Proposal Paper2401 Words   |  10 PagesDropbox. Capstone Project Milestone #2: Design for Change Proposal Guidelines PURPOSE You are to create a Design for Change proposal inclusive of your PICO and evidence appraisal information from your Capstone Project Milestone #1. Your plan is to convince your management team of a nursing problem you have uncovered and you feel is significant enough to change the way something is currently practiced. In the event you are not currently working as a nurse, please use a hypothetical clinicalRead MoreThe Heart Of Heart And Heart1569 Words   |  7 Pagescertain unhealthy foods. The culture may also affect their predisposition to exercise. Unhealthy eating and lack of exercise directly affect the person’s susceptibility to the causes of congestive heart failure. The operational aspect of an individual s environment consists of microorganism and radioactivity. These issues may result in infections or viruses that may affect the muscles of the heart that lead to congestive heart failure. Ultimately, the HFSON conceptual framework aims at controlling theRead MoreNr 4 51 Capstone Project: Milestone #2: Design for Change Proposal Paper2399 Words   |  10 PagesDropbox. Capstone Project Milestone #2: Design for Change Proposal Guidelines PURPOSE You are to create a Design for Change proposal inclusive of your PICO and evidence appraisal information from your Capstone Project Milestone #1. Your plan is to convince your management team of a nursing problem you have uncovered and you feel is significant enough to change the way something is currently practiced. In the event you are not currently working as a nurse, please use a hypothetical clinical

National Security Vs. Personal Privacy - 1838 Words

The topic of national security vs. personal privacy, in recent events, has been very controversial regarding which is more appropriate. On one hand, the government can search through personal, private files without any consent from the owner, thus making the information no longer private. The opposing side argues that the government is invading personal privacy of innocent civilians, violating the Fourth Amendment Rights to prohibit unreasonable searches and seizures. Both have valid points, both positive and negative; however, the invasion of personal privacy by the law is only justified in a dire, life or death situation. The government should not have the ability to view private information in an everyday situation because it is a strong violation of the Fourth Amendment, it is too invasive, and it bypasses the limits of personal privacy when necessary. Therefore, the government should not be able to view personal, private information of civilians unless absolutely necessary. One undeniable right that all Americans possess is the right to prohibit unreasonable searches and seizures, and by accessing civilian’s personal digital documents, the Government is violating that right. When it comes down to a debate between personal privacy and national security, the Government chooses to undermine the constitutional standards through overly invasive surveillance of civilian’s personal documents (Paul/Yoho paragraph 4). This statement hereby implies that the government isShow MoreRelatedPersonal Privacy Vs. National Security1348 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Privacy vs. National Security An example of history repeating itself is the similarity of the sequence of events between the Palmer Raids and the NSA’s PRISM program. Both of these events in U.S. history started with Americans calling on the government for protection. The government then responded by creating programs to protect, but while working to protect the government in both events used illegal practices. These practices soon were leaked which caused americans to not support the government’sRead MoreThe Great Debate : Privacy Vs National Security1055 Words   |  5 PagesIII Honors 18 April 2016 The Great Debate: Privacy vs National Security In the digital age, the citizens of the United States are torn between which they value more: privacy or national security. On one hand, the people need to be safe from cyber attacks and terrorism, while on the other, the government should be aware of the privacy of the people it governs. The government should not go so far in protecting the country that it interferes with the personal lives of the citizens. There needs to beRead MoreIndividual Privacy vs. National Security: A Report628 Words   |  3 PagesIndividual Privacy vs National Security In liberal-democratic societies, the right to individual privacy is among the core components of the democratic system. The right to privacy is enshrined in the Constitution of the United States and is a part of value systems Americans are proud of and cherish. Concepts related to privacy touch on freedom, trust, the right to be left alone, obedience, and free will (Michael Michael, 2006, p. 360). The privacy needs of citizens, however, can be fully metRead MoreThe Importance Of Personal Information And How People Feel About It1613 Words   |  7 PagesImportance of personal information and how people feel about it Undoubtedly, personal informations are critical to all of everyone. People want their personal datas to be protected so that others won’t have access to them without permission. Otherwise, leak and misuse of personal informations can lead to serious consequences. Individuals and organizations can use other people’s personal informations without their allowances, which can be harmful to the livelihoods of these people. For example,Read MoreEssay about Individual Privacy vs. National Security1039 Words   |  5 PagesIndividual Privacy vs. National Security Antonio Ewings ENG 122 English Compositions 2 Instructor: Sarah McDonald January 16, 2012 Individual Privacy vs. National Security Individual privacy is basically the exposure of a person’s limitations to the open public. There are different perspectives in different scenarios on a person’s individual privacy. Every human has a right to their own privacy. Some people scream more than others on how much privacy they actually have. In a perfect worldRead MorePublic Security Vs. Privacy1288 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous cameras. Although January Mughal in her article â€Å"National Security Vs. Privacy In The Modern Age†(2016), insisted that surveillance is necessary to maintain the security of United States, but it is doubtful based on many research because the uses of government surveillance are inefficient, the surveillance cannot stop terrorist attacks, and the ethical issues of surveillance cannot be ignored. In the article, â€Å"National Security Vs. Privacy In The Modern Age†(2016), January Mughal proposed thatRead MorePrivacy Is More Important? Privacy Or National Security?1278 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past decade, an issue has arisen from the minds of people, on which is more important? Privacy or national security? The problem with the privacy is that people do not feel they have enough of it and national security is increasing causing the government to be less worried about the people. National security is growing out of control which has led to the decrease in people’s privacy and has created fear in the eyes of U.S. citizens. â€Å"Twelve years after the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11Read MoreThe Security Vs. Privacy1537 Words   |  7 Pages1. At stake are two forces representing a critical dilemma of the post-2001 world: security vs. privacy. Fighting for security, the FBI is seeking â€Å"backdoor† access to the iPhone in question that was used by one of the two suspects in the San Bernardino shooting in December 2015. Defending privacy is Apple, Inc., designer and marketer of the Apple iPhone. The two suspects under investigation are linked with known terrorist groups, possibly ISIS, with definitive proof of these links locked away inRead MoreThe Security Is More Important Than Our Nation s Security And Defeating Terrorism Trump All Other Priorities.954 Words   |  4 Pagesdoubt that our nation’s security and defeating terrorism trump all other priorities.† The quote by Arlen Specter stresses the importance of a strong and persistent security system in America. After the dreadful events on September 11, 2001, the issue of whether privacy or the nation’s security is more important arose in the United States. Even after fifteen years, this debate is still relevant in politics. Our nation’s security is more important than the citizen’s privacy because lives will be protectedRead MorePersonal Data Privacy . Frame Analysis And Advocacy Field1686 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Data Privacy Frame Analysis and Advocacy Field Guide This framing analysis includes 10 recent print news articles that address personal data privacy. The 5 dominant frames identified include: unauthorized data collection and misuse, commercial application of personal data, civil liberties (personal data in the legal system), data protection, and innovation. There were Pro and Con arguments present for each frame with the exception of the last, no Con arguments were present for the innovation

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal Free Essays

Writing your dissertation is likely to be the most challenging piece of writing you will face during your time at college or university, but it doesn’t have to be difficult with all the help that’s currently available. Your first port of call should be your tutors, and you can also check out the useful our site guides. This one looks at what is likely to be the first step on your long journey to completed dissertation – writing your dissertation proposal. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Dissertation Proposal? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Basics Your dissertation proposal is not just a document you need to submit by an agreed deadline, it’s main purpose is to help you plan and write the full dissertation Don’t start writing your full dissertation until you have had approval for the proposal. Your tutor might suggest making radical changes, so wait for feedback. Remember that the structure of a research proposal is very different from that of an essay. You don’t need to prove your thesis or provide answers to the research questions you will investigate – just give the person reading it an idea what these are. Rather, a research proposal is like a map of the territory you are going to investigate. The research proposal should: put forward the bones of your argument; explain how your argument will fit together; and give the reader an idea of the methodology you will use. The proposal should also give the reader an idea of how your research will fit into the wider area. Ideas about Structure You should consult with your course leaders and tutors about how you need to structure your dissertation proposal. Some departments will have stringent formats which you will need to stick to, others will be more easy going about the structure you use However, there are some basics which you are likely to cover in your proposal In the introduction, you will probably include an overview of the subject you are discussing, picking out the most prominent theories and relevant empirical research. The introduction will also cover the reasons why your dissertation is important, the structure of the proposal, and research aims and objectives. A literature review overview. Here, you won’t go into great detail about the texts you will include, rather you will give a brief description of the current academic literature. This should include identifying gaps in research, the role played by theory, and current research studies. You will also suggest your research questions at the end of the literature review. If you are planning to do primary research you should also include a short section discussing the methodology you are going to use. You will explain your rationale for the selected methods as well as describing those methods. Ethics and data analysis will also be discussed. Make sure the methods you suggest are reasonable! Make sure you present the proposal according to any standards your department has. Don’t forget†¦ Before you submit your proposal, make sure.. It’s well presented, structured and formatted as requirements specify, and is free of spelling and grammatical mistakes. Ask yourself – is this topic importantIs it current Is the project do-able – is there a clear research aim, is the scope of the project clear, are the timings reasonable, will there be access issues you can’t overcome Is the methodology suitable for your proposal (will it uncover the data you need) and is it properly explained It’s worth getting a friend or someone from your peer group to read through your proposal to check for mistakes you’ve missed. After all, you can do the same for them! Bibliography How to Prepare a Research Proposal http://www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/phd/PhDproposal/ A guide to writing your masters dissertation http://www.sml.hw.ac.uk/postgraduate/downloads/dissertations/dissertationguide.pdf SouthamptonSolentUniversity Dissertation proposals writing dissertations http://mycourse.solent.ac.uk/mod/book/view.php?id=2744 DurhamUniversity How to prepare a research proposal http://www.dur.ac.uk/theology.religion/respropguide/ How to cite How to Write a Dissertation Proposal?, Essays

Market Structures free essay sample

According to McConnell and Brue (2004), a monopoly occurs when a single firm is the sole producer of a product for which no close substitutes exist. Since the United States Postal Service (USPS, 2008) has no close substitutes, competition does not exist. The Postal Service’s universal service obligation (USO) is broadly outlined in multiple statutes and encompasses multiple dimensions: geographic scope, range of products, access to services and facilities, delivery frequency, affordable and uniform pricing, service quality, and security of the mail (USPS 2008). When monopolists are not protected by law from competition, the companies may have to keep their prices low in order to keep competition from entering the market. However, USPS is considered a pure monopoly and barriers of entry are in place. USPS is the only federal operating system that sends and delivers mail. USPS has competition in the market with services such as package delivery. Now, the agency has to compete with major companies such as UPS and FedEx. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Structures or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page United States Postal Services depends on operation funding from postage and fees. Comparatively, the Postal Service provides a higher level of service and does so at low, affordable prices (USPS, 2008). The University of Phoenix (UOP) is an institution for profit and it operates in a market structure with pure competition. According to McConnell and Brue (2004), â€Å"pure competition involves a very large number of firms producing a standardized product (that is, a product identical to that of other producers, such as corn or cucumbers). New firms can enter or exit the industry very easily,† (University of Phoenix, 2004). There are many universities, colleges, community colleges, and vocational schools for students to choose from. They offer education in the U. S. and overseas. Different educational institutions offer programs that are identical or similar to UOP. However, the tuition is not the same for all schools. UOP does not have a perfect substitute because of the many campus locations and varied degree programs. UOP does not have a significant control over the price of education. It can not change the market price; it can only adjust to it. University of Phoenix participates in Federal Student Aid grant and loan programs with attractive terms. All students seeking federal financial aid benefits must be admitted to a financial aid eligible degree or certificate program in order to determine financial aid eligibility. In order to be eligible for tuition deferment under the Financial Aid Plan, at least 50% of student’s annual tuition must be funded through the federal financial aid benefits and there are extremely strict policies that the UOP must adhere to in order to be eligible for Title IV. University of Phoenix observes the federal regulations regarding student loan requirements, including pricing and non-pricing strategies. The Arizona Student Loan Code of Conduct is designed to create and ensure uniform student loan practices that focus on the best interest of borrowers. In the Arizona Student Loan Code of Conduct, restrictions are defined to manage the relationships among school employees, learning institutions, lender advisory board members, and student loan organizations. In education, universities can freely enter and existing firms can freely leave purely competitive industries. According to McConnell and Brue (2004), â€Å"a few industries more closely approximate pure competition than any other market structure. In particular, we can learn much about markets for agricultural goods, fish products, foreign exchange, basic metals, and stock shares by studying the pure-competition model. Also, pure competition is a meaningful starting point for any discussion of price and output determination. Moreover, the operation of a purely competitive economy provides a standard, or norm, for evaluating the efficiency of the real-world economy,† (University of Phoenix, 2004). Nike is an example of a monopolistic competition. This type of market structure has many sellers. Each firm in this market sells only a small share of the industry’s output. The key to this is product differentiation. While there are many firms selling similar products, it’s the price and quality differentiation that makes the consumer choose one product over another. (Forgang Einolf, 2006) These markets are extremely competitive and each manufacturer tries to appeal to the consumer on a different level of expert service or material. (University of Phoenix, 2004). The Nike swoosh has certainly become a brand mark that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for, however, Nike must also consider the current economy and the value offered for that higher price. Their products must truly be manufactured with superior quality and materials. Nike must walk a fine line with their pricing strategy. Too high a price will cause the consumer to opt for a less expensive brand and too low a price will not offset the superior manufacturing or costs paid to athletes to endorse or assist with design on the product. Therefore, Nike continuously battles between a relative price for the average consumer and making an acceptable profit. Also, Nike must constantly put a new, trendy product on the market. Styles must change frequently and certain quantities of the product must be produced without saturating the market with similar products. The niche Nike has chosen is to eliminate certain styles within a time frame therefore, causing the consumer to upgrade to the newest, latest, styles. The J. C. Penny Company, commonly known as â€Å"Pennies,† is an American department store aligned with the practice of oligopoly. The characteristics of oligopoly have commercial groups entwined in price collusion while refusing to compete on the basis of price. It was noted by McConnell and Brue that commercial groups â€Å"share of the total market is typically determined through product development and advertisement,† (University of Phoenix, 2004). In short, oligopoly happens when a certain market is manipulated by small commercial groups. In most cases, there are two or more commercial groups controlling the market. Pennies is a retail store that carries a wide verity of health and beauty products, fine jewelry, electronics, clothing for infants, teenagers, men and women, and home decor. In most cases, oligopolies would avoid using price cutting methods. Oligopolistic commercial groups are highlighted by the existence of several commercial groups having significant portions of the market. Those commercial groups buy into calculated behavior and they have a hard time existing without each other. Consequently, the actions of one commercial group can be directly affected by the moves of rival groups and the products they produce may virtually be nearly uniform or meaningful. Another example of an oligopoly (overt) is the OPEC cartel. According to Kaplan (1999), an oligopoly is an industry that is dominated by a few firms that display highly coordinated behavior and examples of oligopoly include the auto and oil industries. Concerning the oil industry, the oil cartel OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is a pure example of an oligopoly. OPEC is the alliance of thirteen countries that have significant influence on the price of international oil and â€Å"creating a balance between oil supply and demand† (Iran, 2008). Generally, oligopolies operate in collusion or employ price leadership. OPEC relies on these secret agreements (collusion) to govern oil in the international market. Additionally, these countries can unify and offer prices â€Å"in response to changes in costs or demands†, making other firms react quickly (Kaplan, 1999). â€Å"It is not uncommon to see several gas stations on the same block with identical prices even though they appear to be in a very competitive environment. If one stations cuts the price per gallon, the others must quickly follow of they will rapidly lose market share as consumers switch to the lower priced station† (Kaplan, 1999). This uniformity still does not have the power to ignore consumer taste. When examining the dynamic history between OPEC and consumers, it is clear that there is a cause-and-effect for OPEC’s decision. For example, OPEC has famously used oil as a leverage tool to importer nations. In 1973, OPEC and a supplementary organization decided to place an embargo on oil and subsequently raised the price of crude oil. However, Western nations transitioned creatively as they found new oil markets in other countries. Thus, the price hike did not have much bearing on the Western nations. The monopolist seeks maximum total profit, not maximum price. The monopolist shuns higher price because they yield a smaller-than-maximum total profit. Some high prices that could be charge would reduce total sales and total revenue too severely to offset any decrease in total cost† (McConnell Brue, 2004). Moreover, OPEC miscalculated production and consumer demand for oil, which resulted in too much oil production in the world market. Thus, prices began to decline due to surplus while OPEC lost much revenue and division because of competing opinions on oil prices and arguments about oil production. Recently, the 9/11 attacks and the Iraqi invasion prompted world oil prices to rise higher than OPEC quotas, which severely impacted the purchase price to Western consumers. Yet, automobile firms began vehicles with alternative fuel options, hybrid models, and decreasing the retail prices of vehicles during the economic recession. Additionally, many consumers have reacted to price hikes by using public transportation, carpooling, purchasing hybrid or alternative fuel vehicles, and/or moving closer to the city. Lastly, Western importer nations are discovering new oil markets separate from OPEC. Still, collusion allows OPEC to â€Å"reach agreements to fix prices, divide up the market, and otherwise restrict competition amongst themselves. By controlling price through collusion, oligopolists may be able to reduce uncertainty, increase profits, and perhaps even prohibit the entry of new rivals† (McConnell Brue, 2004). In respect to today’s global economic condition, a recession can severely disable a cartel’s ability to manipulate output and increase profits. â€Å"Long-lasting recession usually serves as an enemy of collusion because slumping markets increase average total cost. Firms find that they have substantial excess production capacity, sales are down, unit costs are up, and profits are being squeezed. Under such conditions, businesses may feel they can avoid serious profit reductions by cutting price and thus gaining sales at the expense of rivals† (McConnell Brue, 2004). As recently as November 2008, OPEC is considering reducing oil output. â€Å"But if crude prices continue to fall, then an additional OPEC cut may be needed. â€Å"The producer group agreed to cut output from November 1 by 1. million barrels per day (bpd) after oil prices dived from a July record of $147 a barrel to less than that. Venezuela said on Tuesday it will propose another cut of 1 million bpd at the cartel’s next meeting† (Iran, 2008). Thus, â€Å"investor concerns over further declines in crude oil demand under the impact of the global financial crisis have kept pressing recent oil prices lower† (Iran, 2008). With the drop in gas prices, consum ers are able to purchase more gas based on oil price reduction, income, and inelasticity of gas as a resource. In the Market Structures Simulation, Quasar starts as a leader in the industry with its technology. Quasar has the monopoly on the market at the start of the scenario. After the initial surge of manufacturing and selling the products, Quasar realizes it must invest in advertising and upgrades to production to keep the edge. Orion begins to produce a similar product at a lower price. Quasar must understand that stabilizing the price at this time will create an oligopoly market structure and stabilize the industry. As Quasar adjusts its price accordingly, profits stay steady and Quasar is able to invest in its own branding and innovation once again. As time goes on, we see Quasar move to a perfect competition where inventory is reduced, manufacturing processes are improved, and prices are stable. At this point, Quasar needs to maintain its market share by staying on top while continuing to increase the efficiency of its processes to maximize profits.